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Loading types and Load Combinations
Loading types
LUSAS provides a comprehensive range
of loading types to cater for most circumstances. Loading types
include:
- Structural loadings include concentrated,
body force, distributed, face, temperature, stress/strain, and
beam loads.
- Prescribed
values can specify initial displacements, velocity or
acceleration at a node.
- Discrete
loads are used to distribute a given loading pattern over full or
partial areas of the model, independent of the model geometry.
Point and Patch loads are discrete loads - also known as general
loads.
- Thermal
loads to describe the temperature or heat input to a thermal
analysis.
Structural, prescribed and thermal
loads are feature based loads that are assigned to the model geometry
and are effective over the whole of the feature to which they are
assigned. Discrete loads are feature independent.Variations in loading
can be applied to all feature load types according to the feature on which
they have been assigned.
Single and Multiple Stage Prestress and Post Tensioning
Single and multiple
tendon prestress wizards calculate equivalent nodal loading due to
tendon prestressing or post tensioning and assign these forces
automatically to beam, plane stress or solid elements of the model for
the current active loadcase. Computation
of tendon forces can currently be carried out in accordance with
AASHTO-LRFD, BS5400, Eurocode EN1992 and JTG D62-2004 design codes.
- The ability to input many hundreds of
tendons in one analysis that can be assigned to many hundreds of
loadcases is made easy by the use of the multiple stage prestress
wizard. Through a series of dialogs, the wizard simplifies the
definition of tendon profiles and properties.
- Elastic shortening losses can be
specified for multiple stressing stages – useful for staged
construction. Locally defined tendon profiles can be used anywhere
in the model and any number of times. One very useful feature allows
the tendon profile to be viewed in real-time as it is defined.
Tendon material properties including short and long term losses can
be specified.
- The tendon can then be easily assigned
to one or more line features on the model and, more importantly, to
one or more loadcases at the same time.
Load Combinations
 Basic,
Smart and Code-specific load combination facilities are a key
feature of LUSAS Civil & Structural and allow manual or fully
automated assembly of design load combinations. From these, envelopes,
contour and deflected shape plots, and results graphs can be readily
obtained for any loadcase under consideration.
- Basic load combinations allow for manual
definition of loadcases and load factors.
- The Smart Combinations facility, unique to
LUSAS Civil & Structural, automatically generates
maximum and minimum load combinations from the applied loadings to
take account of adverse and relieving effects, saving time and
reducing the chance of errors.
- When used in conjunction with a design code
template, combinations of load combinations are automatically
created to give maximum and minimum Ultimate or Servicibility
Limit State loadcases.
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