Advanced elements, materials and solvers

• Plate and shell elements for slab decks
• Beams and shells for prestressed concrete, steel and composite construction
• Solid elements for detailed modelling and studying local effects
• Elements for cabled stayed and suspension structures
• Joint elements for linear and nonlinear joint models

Additional element information is given on the product specification page.

• Isotropic including plastic, creep, damage, shrinkage, viscous, two-phase
• Orthotropic including plastic, creep, damage, shrinkage, viscous, two-phase
• Anisotropic and rigidity models
• Temperature dependent models
• Concrete models with opening and closing of cracks, concrete crushing, and strain softening based on fracture energy in 2D/3D
• Concrete creep including fib (formerly CEB-FIP) and Chinese model codes
• Geotechnical models including Mohr Coulomb criteria with non-associative flow for soils and rocks
• Volumetric deformation soil model (includes consolidation)
• User-defined models and others

Joint material models are used in conjunction with joint elements to fully define the properties for linear, nonlinear and seismic isolator joints.

• Linear joint models include those for spring stiffness only and for general joint properties having spring stiffness, mass, coefficient of linear expansion and damping factor.
• Nonlinear joint models include elasto-plastic uniform tension and compression with isotropic hardening, elasto-plastic general with isotropic hardening, smooth contact, frictional contact, nonlinear user-defined, and others.
• Seismic isolator joint models include viscous dampers (Kelvin and Four Parameter Solid), lead rubber bearings with plastic yield and biaxial hysteretic behaviour, friction pendulum system with pressure and velocity dependent friction coefficient and biaxial hysteretic behaviour, and others.

Direct and eigen solvers are provided as a minimum in all software products and a Fast Solvers option provides three additional solvers for use with particular LUSAS Bridge products.

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